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2026-09-09 17:26:05

N4 上的 URR 如何测量并报告 5G 使用量?

URR 通过 PFCP 将 UPF 使用量测量与 SMF 控制连接起来。PDR 关联、测量标志、阈值、配额、报告程序及计量边界,有助于解释使用量报告缺失或结果不符预期的原因。

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N4 上的 URR 如何测量并报告 5G 使用量?

UE 可以正常注册并建立 PDU Session,数据包也能正确转发,但 SMF 仍未收到预期的使用量更新。此时应检查 使用量报告规则(Usage Reporting Rule,URR):SMF 使用 PFCP 经由 N4 下发规则,UPF 按配置条件测量流量并报告。使用量报告可支持计费、监控与策略决策;完整计费仍需要其他功能及程序。

URR 在 PFCP 规则中的位置

分组检测规则(Packet Detection Rule,PDR)识别流量并引用适用规则。转发动作规则(Forwarding Action Rule,FAR)指定转发、丢弃或缓冲;QoS 执行规则(QoS Enforcement Rule,QER)控制 QoS 与门控;缓冲动作规则(Buffering Action Rule,BAR)提供相关缓冲指令。URR 定义使用量测量与报告,并在配置时包含配额相关行为。

一个 PDR 可以引用多个 URR,多个 PDR 也可以共用一个 URR。应确认实际匹配的 PDR、其 URR ID 引用及预期汇总范围。URR 可以在没有 PDR 关联的情况下存在,但仅有该规则并不能证明测试流量正在被测量。

UPF 与 SMF 设备旁的 PDR、FAR、QER 和 URR 角色示意图
N4 接口中的关联关系:PDR 先识别并分类用户流量,再引用 URR,使 UPF 能够测量匹配流量并向 SMF 报告使用量

测量方法与计量范围

Measurement Method 选择数据量、时长、事件或支持的组合。Volume Measurement 报告总计、上行及下行的八位组数;一个八位组就是一个字节。若 UPF 支持相关功能,Measurement Information 中的 MNOP 还可要求数据包计数。不要混淆字节计数、数据包计数与应用程序有效载荷大小。

时长测量取决于时间计量配置。Immediate Start Time Metering 可在收到指示时立即启动测量;否则从第一个数据包开始。非零的 Inactivity Detection Time 会在配置的无活动间隔后暂停时间测量,并在流量恢复时继续。事件测量需要相应的事件检测配置。

对数据量测量而言,报告通常涵盖 QoS 执行后的使用量。若同时要求 QoS 执行前测量,则通过不同 Usage Reports 中的 Usage Information 区分两种范围。阈值适用于 QoS 执行后。判定计数不符之前,应先比较相同方向、计量时段及处理范围。

报告触发条件、阈值与配额

Reporting Triggers 必须搭配参数解读:PERIO 使用 Measurement Period;VOLTH、TIMTH 和 EVETH 对应数据量、时间及事件阈值;VOLQU、TIMQU 和 EVEQU 对应配额。START 与 STOPT 在适用检测条件下报告流量开始与停止。Quota Holding Time 涉及配额授予后的无活动状态,并非周期报告计时器。

参数含义与边界
Volume Threshold报告边界,而非流量额度或自动数据包切断点。
Volume Quota分配的使用额度。耗尽时,可能必须依指定配额行为停止或限制转发。
Measurement Period用于所要求周期使用量报告的间隔。
Monitoring Time将指定时刻前后的使用量分开的边界,并应用相应的后续阈值或配额。

配额行为不只是通知。依 TS 29.244,耗尽已配置配额可能停止转发,或依运营商策略仅允许有限流量。支持且已配置时,FAR ID for Quota Action 会选择替代 FAR,用于丢弃、缓冲或重定向流量。QER 与 FAR/BAR 的职责仍有区别;仅配置阈值的 URR 并不是带宽限制器。

同时配置阈值与配额时,只启用阈值触发条件,不代表配额耗尽时会再发送一次报告。两种触发条件都启用时,这里采用的 Release 18 规范会在两个边界报告;较早版本的行为可能不同。应检查实现版本、功能、豁免条件及完整规则集。

数据量、时间及事件测量方式,以及 PERIO、VOLTH、TIMTH、START 和 STOPT 触发条件示意图
测量方式决定计数内容;触发条件及相关参数决定报告条件。

Usage Report 如何到达 SMF

UPF 可以发送 PFCP Session Report Request,并以 Report Type 表示含有 Usage Report。应检查 URR ID、UR-SEQN 与 Usage Report Trigger,再依情况检查 Volume Measurement 或 Duration Measurement。Start Time、End Time 及数据包时间戳可帮助界定时段。仅由 START 触发的报告不一定包含非零的使用量测量值。

SMF 返回 PFCP Session Report Response,应检查其 Cause。成功交付不代表计费成功或配额已更新。SMF 可另外发送 PFCP Session Modification Request 更新规则。Usage Reports 也可能依相关程序出现在 PFCP Session Modification Response 和 PFCP Session Deletion Response 中,因此只搜索主动发出的请求可能漏掉计量记录。

Monitoring Time 可以针对同一 URR ID,分别产生边界前后的使用量报告。应保留 Usage Information 与序号信息,区分重传和新报告,核对报告时段,而不是把每个值都当成整个会话生命周期的累积计数。

示例:10240 字节的数据量阈值

假设采用数据量测量、VOLTH,并设置总 Volume Threshold 为 10240 字节及 TOVOL。测得总量达到边界时,UPF 便报告;这个值并不是 10240 字节的使用额度。数据包粒度可能使报告值超过阈值。如有配置配额,必须另外分析。

UPF 使用量示意图,显示 10240 字节阈值及发往 SMF 的 PFCP 使用量报告
示例使用 10240 字节,等于 10 KiB。

使用量缺失或异常时的跟踪检查项

  1. 识别 PFCP 会话及实际匹配的 PDR,检查 URR 引用与上行、下行 PDR 的汇总关系。

  2. 检查 Measurement Method、测量启用状态、MNOP 支持、时间计量配置及 QoS 执行前后范围。

  3. 将每个要求的触发条件与其阈值、配额或计时器配对,并检查 Monitoring Time 及后续值。

  4. 跟踪请求与响应、Cause、URR ID、UR-SEQN、报告时段及重传,并涵盖修改与删除响应。

  5. 若报告成功,检查 SMF 处理、计费集成、更新后配额及适用的 QER/FAR 变更。实际转发行为应另外验证。

常见问题

一个 URR 可以测量双向流量吗?

可以。相关上行与下行 PDR 可以引用同一个 URR。应确认预期汇总范围,不要假定一个 URR 永远只代表一个方向或一项服务。

Usage Report 能证明已向客户收费吗?

不能。它确认的是 UPF 报告事件。计费关联、费率计算及账单结果,仍需要对应控制平面与计费系统的证据。

是否应将所有 URR 报告相加?

不能直接相加。报告可能对应不同时段、监控边界或 QoS 执行前后范围,而重传可能重复同一份报告。汇总前应先关联标识符及测量上下文。

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