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2026-09-17 16:32:13

5GC核心网之网络侧发起的去注册流程

5GC网络侧发起的去注册可由AMF直接启动,也可由订阅撤销等UDM事件触发。内容涵盖显式与隐式去注册、Deregistration Request、重新注册控制以及5GS上下文清理。

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5GC核心网之网络侧发起的去注册流程

一个5G UE可以在无线覆盖正常、甚至仍有活动PDU会话的情况下,由AMF突然向其发送网络侧发起的Deregistration Request。此时UE并未关机,也没有主动发送自己的Deregistration Request。

这种行为并不矛盾。5GC中的注册关系并不一定要由UE来终止。运维操作、UE长时间不可达、AMF内部状态处理,或UDM中用户5G订阅被撤销,都可能促使网络终止现有注册。分析信令时,最重要的问题并不只是UPF资源最终是否被删除,而是 谁首先作出去注册决定、UE是否仍能收到通知、网络是否要求重新注册,以及哪些信令消息可能在正常情况下根本不会出现。

谁可以决定让已注册UE退出5GS?

理解网络侧发起的去注册,首先要区分“发起”和“触发”。该流程最终由AMF发起并执行,但促使AMF这样做的原因并不一定来自AMF内部。

第一类情况从AMF开始。运维人员可能为了维护、用户迁移或其他网络管理目的,显式将用户去注册,迫使当前处于RM-REGISTERED状态的UE退出现有注册。另一类是隐式去注册。如果网络在满足相关计时器条件后仍无法确认UE可达,AMF可以在不等待UE主动发起任何操作的情况下开始清理上下文。

第三条路径从UDM开始。例如,当运营商撤销用户的5G业务订阅时,UDM会首先知道订阅状态已发生变化。UDM不会直接向UE发送NAS信令,而是通知当前为该UE提供服务的AMF,再由AMF将这一核心网决定转化为网络侧发起的去注册流程。

从网络功能关系来看,主要来源可以概括为:

  • AMF显式发起: 运维操作、用户迁移或其他网络管理目的;

  • AMF隐式去注册: 去注册计时器或可达性条件满足,UE已不能再被视为正常注册;

  • UDM触发的去注册: 例如用户订阅被撤销,UDM通知AMF对UE执行去注册。

无论最初原因是什么,最终目标相同:原有5GS注册关系不再有效,UE从RM-REGISTERED转换为RM-DEREGISTERED。

5GC网络侧发起去注册的三种来源,包括AMF显式操作、AMF隐式去注册计时器处理,以及用户订阅撤销后UDM向AMF发送通知
5GC网络侧发起去注册的三种来源,包括AMF显式操作、AMF隐式去注册计时器处理,以及用户订阅撤销后UDM向AMF发送通知

为什么显式去注册和隐式去注册在抓包中看起来差别很大?

两种流程最终都会使UE退出注册状态,但其信令表现可能明显不同。

在显式去注册中,网络通常仍能与UE通信。AMF可以发送NAS Deregistration Request,通知UE当前注册即将终止。如果UE仍可达,它可以返回Deregistration Accept,随后网络继续释放剩余上下文和接入侧信令连接。

隐式去注册的起点不同。它通常发生在UE长时间没有重新出现或响应,以至于网络无法继续确认其可达之后。此时再发送Deregistration Request可能已经没有意义,因为UE可能已经关机、离开覆盖范围或以其他方式断开连接。

因此,隐式去注册在抓包中可能只表现为网络侧上下文清理,而不会出现完整的Deregistration Request → Deregistration Accept交互。

由此可以得到一条实用的抓包分析规则: 没有看到网络发往UE的Deregistration Request,并不能证明网络侧发起的去注册没有发生。 在隐式场景中,网络之所以进行清理,恰恰可能是因为UE已经无法参与信令交互。

UDM如何把订阅撤销决定传递给AMF?

用户业务资格发生变化,是网络侧发起去注册最典型的场景之一。假设UE已在访问网络完成注册并建立业务,但归属网络随后撤销了用户的5G订阅。最先感知这一订阅变化的是UDM,而不是gNB或UE。

UDM可以通过AMF先前登记的回调URI向服务AMF发送Deregistration Notification。典型情况下,该通知可以携带 SUBSCRIPTION_WITHDRAWN 等原因,并标明相关Access Type,例如3GPP_ACCESS。

只有在收到该通知后,AMF才进入面向UE的网络去注册流程。随后AMF可以通过gNB向UE发送NAS Deregistration Request。除UE身份和Access Type外,其中一个特别重要的字段是 re-registration required(需要重新注册)。

该字段表示网络是否要求UE在去注册后重新执行Registration。不能把它理解为所有网络侧发起的去注册都会强制UE重新注册并且一定成功。在某些场景中,网络可能只是希望UE离开当前AMF或重建注册上下文。如果用户已经失去5G业务资格,后续Registration是否成功仍是另一项独立判断。

UDM到AMF的通知处理完成后,AMF向UDM返回相应确认。到此,控制链已经从“订阅状态发生变化”转变为“服务AMF正在执行去注册”。

在5GC中,UDM在SUBSCRIPTION_WITHDRAWN后通过向AMF发送Deregistration Notification触发网络侧去注册,随后AMF向UE发送包含re-registration required信息的Deregistration Request
在5GC中,UDM在SUBSCRIPTION_WITHDRAWN后通过向AMF发送Deregistration Notification触发网络侧去注册,随后AMF向UE发送包含re-registration required信息的Deregistration Request

网络决定让UE去注册后,后端资源如何清理?

从这一阶段开始,部分资源释放步骤与UE侧发起的去注册相同,没有必要再机械重复每一条N4、PCF和UDM消息。更重要的是理解为什么在网络侧发起的流程中仍必须执行这些清理。

UE可能已经有一个或多个活动PDU会话。一旦AMF决定终止注册,就需要通知相关SMF释放这些会话。随后SMF负责处理UPF侧的用户面资源和N3路径,并终止已经失去有效业务上下文的SM Policy关系。UDM中的订阅或注册关系也可以根据剩余会话状态进行清理。

AMF自身也可能需要释放接入与移动性策略关系,包括AM Policy Association以及适用的UE Policy Association。否则可能出现UE已经不再注册,但PCF、SMF或UDM中仍保留着表明业务仍在继续的关系,造成网络状态不一致。

真正困难的地方不是“尽量多删”。网络必须理解当前Access Type以及仍然有效的业务状态。如果UE还通过另一种接入保持注册,或某些上下文仍被其他会话使用,就不应该删除全部UE状态。

因此,在看到网络侧发起的Deregistration Request之后,排障不应纠结是否出现了完全相同的14条消息。应确认应该释放的PDU会话是否真正释放、过期的策略关系是否终止,以及仍应有效的上下文是否被保留。

AMF显式踢除与UDM撤销订阅有什么区别?

这两种流程的后半段看起来可能非常相似,因为最终都依赖AMF让UE去注册,并可能进入相同的PDU会话和策略清理逻辑。但它们的起点不同。

如果运维人员在AMF上显式移除UE,第一项关键动作直接来自AMF。在此之前不会有UDM发送的Deregistration Notification。AMF已经掌握去注册的运维原因,因此可以直接向UE发送Deregistration Request。

如果用户的5G业务已经被撤销,起点则是UDM。在AMF采取动作之前,通常会先收到UDM的去注册通知。在多NF抓包中,这一区别非常有用,因为它可以说明 是谁最先决定终止现有注册关系,而不是把后续所有清理信令都当成同一种场景。

在AMF迁移或AMF池内重新分配用户时,还应结合UE后续是否进入新的Registration流程,一起检查Deregistration Request中的re-registration required要求。在这种情况下,去注册可能只是把UE转移到另一个服务AMF的一步,而不是永久终止用户的5G业务。

Subscription Withdrawal在性质上不同,因为它代表用户业务资格发生变化。即使NAS流程允许UE再次尝试Registration,核心网仍会根据更新后的订阅状态重新评估该请求。

抓包分析先看第一条消息是谁发出的

分析网络侧发起的去注册时,可以将流程拆成四个阶段: 来源 → 通知 → 资源清理 → UE响应。

  • 第一,确定来源。如果最早的相关消息是UDM发往AMF的Deregistration Notification,说明流程由UDM侧事件触发。如果AMF直接向UE发送Deregistration Request,则更可能是AMF显式发起的场景。如果两者都没有出现,但网络开始移除UE上下文,则应考虑隐式去注册。

  • 第二,检查NAS方向。在网络侧发起的去注册中,Deregistration Request的方向是 AMF → UE。这与UE侧发起的去注册方向相反。消息名称可能完全相同,因此方向非常重要。

  • 第三,检查UE是否返回Deregistration Accept。在显式去注册中,如果UE仍然可达,通常能看到该响应。隐式去注册时UE可能已经不可达,因此这一步可能不会出现。

  • 第四,核对后端资源。如果UE此前存在PDU会话,应确认对应SMF和UPF资源是否已释放。如果流程源自UDM或涉及策略状态,也要检查UDM与PCF关系。

一套实用的分析顺序是:

  1. 确定由哪个NF发起或触发该流程;

  2. 确认Deregistration Request方向和Access Type;

  3. 检查re-registration required是否与当前场景一致;

  4. 确认UE是否返回Deregistration Accept;

  5. 核对现有PDU会话和用户面资源是否已经释放;

  6. 最后确认UE注册状态已经离开RM-REGISTERED。

这种分析方式比机械地对照某个编号流程、检查是否少了一条HTTP/2消息更接近真实排障。网络侧发起的去注册可能由多种原因引起,因此不同场景从第一条消息开始就可能不同。

5GC网络侧发起去注册的抓包分析,通过UDM通知、AMF下行Deregistration Request、re-registration required、UE Deregistration Accept以及后端PDU会话释放来区分显式与隐式去注册
5GC网络侧发起去注册的抓包分析,通过UDM通知、AMF下行Deregistration Request、re-registration required、UE Deregistration Accept以及后端PDU会话释放来区分显式与隐式去注册

常见问题

网络侧发起的去注册一定会向UE发送Deregistration Request吗?

不一定。显式去注册时,如果UE可达,AMF通常会发送Deregistration Request。隐式去注册往往发生在UE长时间不可达之后,因此网络可能直接清理注册上下文,而抓包中不会出现NAS Deregistration Request。

UDM可以直接让UE去注册吗?

UDM主要负责用户及订阅数据。订阅撤销等事件可以触发去注册,但真正面向UE执行网络侧Deregistration Request的仍是服务AMF。抓包分析应区分 UDM触发 和 AMF发起 的去注册。

如果re-registration required设为1,是否意味着UE一定能够再次注册成功?

不。该字段表示网络要求UE重新执行Registration,但新的Registration是否被接受,还取决于用户业务资格、接入限制、网络策略以及最初去注册的原因。如果订阅已经被撤销,UE再次尝试Registration并不保证5GC会接受。

资源释放步骤与UE侧发起的去注册完全不同吗?

不。触发方向不同,但一旦网络决定终止注册,现有PDU会话、UPF资源和策略关系的清理与UE侧发起的去注册可能高度重合。更有用的区别是:谁启动了流程、NAS消息方向、是否期望UE确认,以及是否要求重新注册。

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